【英语语法】名词standard的意义与用法

【app必威体育语法】名词standard的意义与用法,珠海IBS英语学校编辑和大家分享名词standard的意义与用法，请阅读下文。

      standard 的基本义为标准水平，具体用法如下：

      一、指判断（judge）的标准

      即指参照此标准来判断质量的好坏、技能的强弱、能力的高低、成就的大小等。此时可数或不可数均可。如：

      The standard of work has gone down. 工作标准降低了。

      Air quality standards vary from state to state. 空气质量标准州与州不同。

      All our toys conform with safety standards. 我们所有的玩具都符合安全标准。

      The agency establishes and enforces standards of food production.
      该机构制定并执行食品生产标准。

      All fireworks must conform to British safety standards.
      所有焰火的生产都必须遵照英国安全标准。

      A local farmer was cited for breaking environmental standards.
      当地的一位农场主因违反了环境标准而受到法庭传唤。

      Hes got a double standard: its all right for him to have affairs but not for her.

      他采取双重标准：自己可以有外遇，女方却不行。

      ◆这样用时，其后通常接介词for，表示的标准。如：

      The government prescribes standards for the purity of food. 政府规定食品清洁的标准。

      Regulations prescribe certain standards for building materials.
      有规章规定建筑材料的某些标准。

      All new cars must meet the standard for air pollution control.
      所有的新车都必须符合治理空气污染的标准。 

       School officials will meet to set new standards for hiring teachers.
      学校官员将开会制定聘任新教师的新标准。

      ◆另外，注意习语up to standard（合格, 达到标准）。如：

      Their work is not up to standard. 他们的工作成绩不够标准。

       Replacement is guaranteed if the products are not up to standard. 

      产品不和规格，保证退换。

      We need to bring our computer system up to standard. 我们得更新计算机系统以达到标准。

      Unless your scuba diving equipment is up to standard, do not use it.
      如果你的水肺潜泳设备不合标准，就不要使用它。
       
      二、指比较（compare）的标准

      即与另一事物比较时被认为是好的或正常的等，尤指与平均质量、平均水平、平均数量（或普通质量、普通水平、普通数量）作比较。此时为可数，但通常用复数形式。如：

      The work isnt up to his usual standard. 他的工作没有达到他通常的水平。

       Id say her work is of a reasonable standard. 我认为她的工作水平还过得去。

      Judged by the ordinary standards, he was reliable. 接普通标准看，他是可靠的。

       It is simply not the case that educational standards have fallen.
      说教育水平下降了，这根本不符合事实。

      You'd better lower your standards if you want to find somewhere cheap to 

       live. 要想找个便宜的地方住，你最好降低要求。

       Its hard for others to come up to the very high standards she sets for 

      herself. 其他人很难达到她为自己定出的那么高的标准。

       Its a long report, but it really boils down to a demand for higher safety 

      standards. 这篇报告很长，其实归结起来就是要有更高的安全标准。

      Those houses are badly built; they are well below standard [below the 

      necessary standard]. 那些房屋建筑质量很差，远远达不到标准（起码的标准）。

      ◆这样用时，其后通常接介词of，表示的标准或水平。如：

      Standards of education are falling. 教育水平在下降。

      The standard of her work is high. 她的工作质量很高。

      Mrs Miller had high standards of dress and manners. 米勒太太对衣着和礼仪有很高的要求。

      The standard of his work is well below the average of his class.
      他的成绩大大低于班上的平均成绩。

      The standard of football in the World Cup was rather indifferent.
      这次世界杯的足球比赛水准相当底低下。

      His work in maths needs to be brought up to the standard of the others.
      他的数学功课需要赶上别人的水平。

      Complaints about standards of service should be addressed to the 

      proprietor. 对服务态度有意见者可向老板投诉。

       It used to be my favourite restaurant but the standard of cooking has 

      fallen off recently. 那是我以前最喜欢的饭馆，但近来烹饪水平已大不如前了。

      ◆表示根据标准，通常与介词by搭配如：

      It was a simple meal by Eddie's standards. 在埃迪看来，那不过是一顿便饭。

      People were very poor then by todays standards. 以今天的标准而言，那时候的人很穷。

      The equipment is slow and heavy by modern standards. 按现代标准，那台设备又慢又笨重。

      The performance was good, when judged by their usual standards.
      按他们平时的水平衡量，这次演出不错。

      Ella was 41 years old, hardly a girl by any standard.
      埃拉41岁了，不论以什么标准也很难说是女孩子了。

      三、指测量（measure）的标准

      即指测量重量、纯度、价值等的标准或基准。此时为可数。如：

      There is no absolute standard for beauty. 美是没有绝对的标准的。

      The kilogram is the international standard of weight. 千克是国际重量标准。

      The government has an official standard for the purity of silver.
      政府对银的纯度有法定的标准。

      The industry standard of temperature for shipping produce is 41 degrees 

       Fahrenheit. 运输农产品的行业温度标准是41华氏度。
       
      四、指道德（moral）标准

      即指被认可的道德或行为规范；此时要用复数形式。如：

      Have standards of morality improved? 道德标准是否已有所改进? 

      His moral standards have been called into question. 他的道德标准令人生疑。

      Standards aren't what they used to be. 现在的行为标准与过去不一样了。

      She differs with [from] her brother about moral standards.
      她与兄弟在道德标准上意见不一致。