宇航员是怎么吃饭、喝水和睡觉的？- How Do Astronauts Eat, Drink and Sleep?

想象一下，你和朋友约好去露营。你肯定会准备足够的食物和水，还有睡袋和毯子，这样才能睡个好觉。宇航员在去太空之前也做这些准备工作，不同的是他们进食和喝水的方式，因为太空没有重力。

Imagine going camping for over a week with your friends. You would make sure you have enough food and drink. Also, you would bring your sleeping bag and blanket to make sure you can sleep well at night. Astronauts do the same thing when they go to space. The difference is that the food and drink are not in the same form as the ones we eat on Earth because there is no gravity in space.

在一个失重空间里，比如航天飞机，如果不抓着食物和喝的东西，它们通常会漂浮在空中。为了攻克这一问题，食物就要小心储存，喝的也会被包装成脱水粉末。在喝之前，宇航员会用一个特殊管道往粉末里加水。

In a low-gravity environment, like inside a space shuttle, food and drinks would simply float away if they weren’t handled correctly. To combat this problem, food is carefully packed and drinks are packaged as dehydrated powders. Astronauts add water to beverages through a special tube before they drink.

如同在地球上一样，宇航员也是一日三餐（除去定时的点心）。一餐的食物是按顺序吃的，并且会被放置在一个网里的橱柜托盘中固定。进餐时间到了的时候，宇航员会进入航天飞机舱面甲板下中层甲板的厨房区，他们把水加入冻干的食物和脱水的饮品中，这些水来自于输送冷热水的注水站。他们用强对流烤箱加热食物，烤箱温度保持在华氏160度至170度之间，每顿餐的食物注水和加热时间是20至30分钟。

Astronauts eat three meals a day (plus periodic snacks), just as they do on Earth. Meals are organized by the order in which astronauts are going to eat them, and stored in locker trays held by a net so they won’t float away. When mealtime comes, astronauts go into the galley area in the shuttle’s middeck. There they add water to freeze-dried foods and dehydrated drinks from a rehydration station that dispenses both hot and cold water. They heat foods in a forced-air convection oven that’s kept between 160 and 170 degrees Fahrenheit. It takes about 20 to 30 minutes to rehydrate and heat an average meal.

宇航员用一根固定带将盛有食物的食物托盘拉近自己，食物的托盘又与墙或者宇航员的膝盖系在一起。宇航员用剪刀打开食物的包装袋，再用小刀、叉子或者勺子进食。

Astronauts attach their individual food containers to a food tray with fabric fasteners. The tray itself connects either to the wall or to the astronauts’ laps. Astronauts open the food packages with scissors and eat with a knife, fork and spoon.

但是，盐和胡椒不是液体状态，因为这样宇航员就不能撒了，所以它们可能会到处飞，甚至堵住通风口，把设备弄脏或者飘到宇航员的眼睛、嘴巴或鼻子里。

Salt and pepper are available but only in a liquid form. This is because astronauts can’t sprinkle salt and pepper on their food in space – the salt and pepper would float away. Worse still, floating powder could clog air vents, contaminate equipment or get stuck in an astronaut’s eyes, mouth or nose.

在太空里睡觉也是一件有趣的事。由于失重，宇航员是没有重量的，所以他们可以在任何地方睡觉。所以为了防止宇航员飘来飘去撞到航天飞机里的东西，他们会把自己拴在墙，椅子上，或者拴在船员舱的床铺上。

Bedtime also becomes interesting in space. Because of the low gravity, astronauts are weightless. So in order not to float around and bump something inside the space shuttle, they have to attach themselves to a wall, a seat or a bunk bed inside the crew cabin.

航天飞机和国际空间站的宇航员通常都是谁在睡袋里。在航天飞机里，宇航员通常都是睡在指挥椅、飞行室的椅子或者床铺上。一家航天飞机只有4张床铺，这就意味着要是有5个或者更多的宇航员在的话，多出来的人就要睡在睡袋里，再拴在墙上或者椅子上。

Space shuttle and space station crews usually sleep in sleeping bags. On the space shuttle, astronauts can also sleep in the commander’s seat, the pilot’s seat or in bunk beds. There are only four bunk beds in the space shuttle. So that means on missions with five or more astronauts, the other crew members have to sleep in a sleeping bag attached to their seats or to a wall.

As you can see, living in space is certainly very different to Earth!