大学英语考试写作技巧有哪些？
大学英语考试写作技巧有哪些？
一、记叙文的定义
记叙文也称叙述文，是一种以叙述的手法来呈现人物活动及事件过程的体裁。
故事、游记、通讯、新闻报道(消息)、历史、 人物传记、日记和回忆录等都属于记叙文的范畴。
记叙文大致可以分为以记人为主的记叙文和以叙事为主的记叙文。
前者主要是对人物的经历、活动或者性格特征进行叙述;后者则是对某一事件的发生、发展过程和结果进行叙述。
二、记叙文的六大要素
记叙文的写作涉及到六大要素，即五个W和一个H：时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原因(why)和结果(how);也可以将这六大要素概括为时间(time)、地点(place)、 人物( character)、事件的原因(cause)、经过(process)和结果( effect)。
三、记叙文的行文方式
一般来讲，记叙文应具有包括开头，主体和结尾在内的完整结构, 尤其是必须有情节发展的过程。 作者应该像电影导演一样尽可能安排起伏和精彩的内容，在矛盾的产生和解决过程中凸现出诱发、发展到高潮的完整过程。
此外，在叙述过程中为完整展现前面述及的六要素，还需要插入生动活泼的人物场景描写和清晰细致的动作表情刻画。
四、记叙文的写作要领
基于英语的语法和词汇特点，写作英语记叙文时应掌握以下要领：
1.时态 由于记叙文是描述过去的语境，记叙发生过的事件，所以比较多使用包括一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时在内的过去时态。
但是，在很多情况下由于客观描述的需要，事件或人物描述的背景从过去转到现在，现在时的使用不可避免。
还有的时候，为了衬托人物的个性，直观地表现人物的思想感情，需要运用对话的方式。
而人物对话需要用直接引语，时态的选择又需要依托现在语境。
这样，事件的时间线索就显得尤为重要，要求写作者有较强的“时间领悟能力”，驾驭写作过程中的时态转换。
例如： Wang Nan, a world champion in ping-pong, is 1.
62 meter tall with the weight of 54 kilograms.
She was born in Liaoning Province in October 1978.
She began to play ping-pong at the age of seven.
She played in Liaoning Team for three years before she came to the national team in 1993. She trained hard and got along well with her teammates.
Wang Nan has won scores of gold medals in international table-tennis games and won great honor for our motherland.
She likes surfing the internet, and enjoys chatting with friends online.
在这篇短文中，句是客观描述，介绍王楠的基本情况，用一般现在时。
第二、三句介绍她的成长经历，用的是过去时。
最后两句叙说她所取得的成就，又转换到现在语境，用现在完成时。
2.人称 人称的运用也是记叙文的一个特点。
人称(First-person Narrator)是写作者以当事人的口气来叙述，是一种主观表现手法，给读者一种亲切自然的感觉。
由于作者是以叙述亲身经历的方式表达自己的思想情感，更能引起读者共鸣。
例如：
The other day, I was driving along the street.
Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast.
I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side.
But it was too late.
The car hit my bike and I fell off it.
It was really a bad day for me.
第三人称(Third-person Narrator)是写作者从旁观者的角度来叙述事件，是客观的表现手法，能够充分反映事件中各个人的感受与见解，从整体的视角来叙述事件。
例如：
It was about nine o’clock on one Saturday evening in May.
Sam was lying in bed, trembling with cold and having a cough.
His head was aching so intensely that he kept groaning.
His forehead felt very hot.
We took his temperature.
It was 38. 5℃。
3.动词使用的连贯性 为了刻画人物个性，表现真情实感，记叙文经常需要使用动词来突出过程与变化。
在许多动作交替出现的情况下，一定要注意动词使用的连贯性，使文字表达简洁明了，一气呵成。 下面一段接着上文记叙了萨姆生病后作者送他去医院的过程，动词使用得相当连贯。
Without hesitation, I dialed “120”. It was not long before an ambulance arrived. One roommate brought a blanket for him, and another helped him in the ambulance.
范文与评析 范文 1
My Best Friend
Upon reading the expression “best friend”, a figure Jumps into my mind-Zhang Ye, my schoolmate in senior high school.
During the three years in high school, we shared countless moments of laughter and tears, joy and sorrow.
She is of medium height and slim figure.
Though not strong, she is really a girl with amazing perseverance.
Despite the similarities in our outlook on life and living, it is always she, the physically weaker one, who encouraged and urged me to finish some tasks when I was about to give up.
When we were preparing for the National Entrance Exam, she cheered me up emotionally and gave me a hand whenever I was in trouble.
After the exam, she got enrolled by Tsinghua University in Beijing while I came to a college in the South of China.
For the past several years, we have been in touch to share everything we have been experiencing, sad or happy, dull or exciting.
Without a doubt, Zhang Ye is really a true friend of mine.
The relationship between us can melt the ice in our hearts and blow away the mist on our minds. I believe the friendship between us will be the life-time beacon for both of us.
评析：这是一篇典型的人物记叙文。
段总括了两人关系。
第二段通过对具体事例的叙述将人物的性格特点表现得淋漓尽致，也丰富了best friend这个称谓的具体内涵。
最后一段作者陈述了自己对友谊真谛的感悟，使文章的主题得到升华。
而其中所使用的句式和词汇(melt the ice in one’s heart; blow away the mist on one’s mind)也展示了作者的语言功底。
范文2 An Unforgettable Experience Wisdom Counts
There was an unforgettable happening when I was in senior high school.
It made me understand that wisdom counts.
On one weekend, I went home from school by bus.
It was bitterly crowded there.
Unintentionally, I noticed a hand tying to fetch the wallet from a woman’s bag which had an unfastened zipper.
I didn’t dare to tell the woman the truth, because I was scared of being revenged.
“What should I do?” I asked myself and searched the answer quickly through my mind.
Suddenly, I hit on a good idea.
I screamed to myself, “My wallet was lost! Someone stole my wallet!” As I said so, I pretended to be looking for my wallet.
Almost all the people on the bus began to give great care to their pockets or bags.
Being in panic, the pickpocket eventually failed to reach the woman’s bag.
He had to get down at the next stop with an angry look.
Many years later, I still cannot help smiling when I recall this experience.
一、记叙文的定义
记叙文也称叙述文，是一种以叙述的手法来呈现人物活动及事件过程的体裁。
故事、游记、通讯、新闻报道(消息)、历史、 人物传记、日记和回忆录等都属于记叙文的范畴。
记叙文大致可以分为以记人为主的记叙文和以叙事为主的记叙文。
前者主要是对人物的经历、活动或者性格特征进行叙述;后者则是对某一事件的发生、发展过程和结果进行叙述。
二、记叙文的六大要素
记叙文的写作涉及到六大要素，即五个W和一个H：时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原因(why)和结果(how);也可以将这六大要素概括为时间(time)、地点(place)、 人物( character)、事件的原因(cause)、经过(process)和结果( effect)。
三、记叙文的行文方式
一般来讲，记叙文应具有包括开头，主体和结尾在内的完整结构, 尤其是必须有情节发展的过程。 作者应该像电影导演一样尽可能安排起伏和精彩的内容，在矛盾的产生和解决过程中凸现出诱发、发展到高潮的完整过程。
此外，在叙述过程中为完整展现前面述及的六要素，还需要插入生动活泼的人物场景描写和清晰细致的动作表情刻画。
四、记叙文的写作要领
基于英语的语法和词汇特点，写作英语记叙文时应掌握以下要领：
1.时态 由于记叙文是描述过去的语境，记叙发生过的事件，所以比较多使用包括一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时在内的过去时态。
但是，在很多情况下由于客观描述的需要，事件或人物描述的背景从过去转到现在，现在时的使用不可避免。
还有的时候，为了衬托人物的个性，直观地表现人物的思想感情，需要运用对话的方式。
而人物对话需要用直接引语，时态的选择又需要依托现在语境。
这样，事件的时间线索就显得尤为重要，要求写作者有较强的“时间领悟能力”，驾驭写作过程中的时态转换。
例如： Wang Nan, a world champion in ping-pong, is 1.
62 meter tall with the weight of 54 kilograms.
She was born in Liaoning Province in October 1978.
She began to play ping-pong at the age of seven.
She played in Liaoning Team for three years before she came to the national team in 1993. She trained hard and got along well with her teammates.
Wang Nan has won scores of gold medals in international table-tennis games and won great honor for our motherland.
She likes surfing the internet, and enjoys chatting with friends online.
在这篇短文中，句是客观描述，介绍王楠的基本情况，用一般现在时。
第二、三句介绍她的成长经历，用的是过去时。
最后两句叙说她所取得的成就，又转换到现在语境，用现在完成时。
2.人称 人称的运用也是记叙文的一个特点。
人称(First-person Narrator)是写作者以当事人的口气来叙述，是一种主观表现手法，给读者一种亲切自然的感觉。
由于作者是以叙述亲身经历的方式表达自己的思想情感，更能引起读者共鸣。
例如：
The other day, I was driving along the street.
Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast.
I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side.
But it was too late.
The car hit my bike and I fell off it.
It was really a bad day for me.
第三人称(Third-person Narrator)是写作者从旁观者的角度来叙述事件，是客观的表现手法，能够充分反映事件中各个人的感受与见解，从整体的视角来叙述事件。
例如：
It was about nine o’clock on one Saturday evening in May.
Sam was lying in bed, trembling with cold and having a cough.
His head was aching so intensely that he kept groaning.
His forehead felt very hot.
We took his temperature.
It was 38. 5℃。
3.动词使用的连贯性 为了刻画人物个性，表现真情实感，记叙文经常需要使用动词来突出过程与变化。
在许多动作交替出现的情况下，一定要注意动词使用的连贯性，使文字表达简洁明了，一气呵成。 下面一段接着上文记叙了萨姆生病后作者送他去医院的过程，动词使用得相当连贯。
Without hesitation, I dialed “120”. It was not long before an ambulance arrived. One roommate brought a blanket for him, and another helped him in the ambulance.
范文与评析 范文 1
My Best Friend
Upon reading the expression “best friend”, a figure Jumps into my mind-Zhang Ye, my schoolmate in senior high school.
During the three years in high school, we shared countless moments of laughter and tears, joy and sorrow.
She is of medium height and slim figure.
Though not strong, she is really a girl with amazing perseverance.
Despite the similarities in our outlook on life and living, it is always she, the physically weaker one, who encouraged and urged me to finish some tasks when I was about to give up.
When we were preparing for the National Entrance Exam, she cheered me up emotionally and gave me a hand whenever I was in trouble.
After the exam, she got enrolled by Tsinghua University in Beijing while I came to a college in the South of China.
For the past several years, we have been in touch to share everything we have been experiencing, sad or happy, dull or exciting.
Without a doubt, Zhang Ye is really a true friend of mine.
The relationship between us can melt the ice in our hearts and blow away the mist on our minds. I believe the friendship between us will be the life-time beacon for both of us.
评析：这是一篇典型的人物记叙文。
段总括了两人关系。
第二段通过对具体事例的叙述将人物的性格特点表现得淋漓尽致，也丰富了best friend这个称谓的具体内涵。
最后一段作者陈述了自己对友谊真谛的感悟，使文章的主题得到升华。
而其中所使用的句式和词汇(melt the ice in one’s heart; blow away the mist on one’s mind)也展示了作者的语言功底。
范文2 An Unforgettable Experience Wisdom Counts
There was an unforgettable happening when I was in senior high school.
It made me understand that wisdom counts.
On one weekend, I went home from school by bus.
It was bitterly crowded there.
Unintentionally, I noticed a hand tying to fetch the wallet from a woman’s bag which had an unfastened zipper.
I didn’t dare to tell the woman the truth, because I was scared of being revenged.
“What should I do?” I asked myself and searched the answer quickly through my mind.
Suddenly, I hit on a good idea.
I screamed to myself, “My wallet was lost! Someone stole my wallet!” As I said so, I pretended to be looking for my wallet.
Almost all the people on the bus began to give great care to their pockets or bags.
Being in panic, the pickpocket eventually failed to reach the woman’s bag.
He had to get down at the next stop with an angry look.
Many years later, I still cannot help smiling when I recall this experience.
